Health experts are raising concerns about the increasing cases of mouth cancer in Wales, with a significant number of diagnoses occurring at late stages when the cancer has progressed extensively. According to Public Health Wales, over half of all mouth cancers are identified at stage three or four, underscoring the importance of early detection. The rise in mouth cancer cases in Wales is particularly pronounced in deprived areas. Risk factors for developing mouth cancer include overexposure to sunlight (especially on the lips), tobacco and alcohol consumption (linked to tongue and floor of mouth cancers), and the human papillomavirus (associated with cancers at the back of the mouth).
In 2023, the majority of referrals for mouth cancer came from GPs rather than dentists, highlighting the need for increased awareness and proactive screening. Men are twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with mouth cancer, with the peak age for cases falling between 60 and 69 years old. Shockingly, more men in Wales succumb to mouth cancer compared to women, with nearly 120 male deaths recorded in 2022. While the five-year survival rate for mouth cancer is at 65%, there is a positive trend of improvement in the younger age group of 15-54 years old.
Recognising the symptoms of mouth cancer is crucial for early intervention. However, these symptoms can often be overlooked or mistaken for less severe issues such as ulcers or infections. Warning signs include persistent mouth ulcers lasting more than three weeks, red or white patches inside the mouth, lumps in the mouth or on the lip, pain, difficulty swallowing or speaking, hoarseness, and neck or throat lumps. Professor Paul Brocklehurst, a Consultant in Dental Public Health at Public Health Wales, emphasises the importance of seeking prompt medical attention upon noticing any warning signs and stresses the role of dental professionals in early detection.
Regular dental check-ups play a key role in detecting mouth cancer in its early stages as dental professionals are trained to identify potential indicators of the disease. Timely diagnosis is crucial for initiating targeted treatment before the cancer spreads further. By educating the public about the risk factors, symptoms, and the significance of early detection, healthcare professionals aim to improve outcomes for individuals affected by mouth cancer. Increased public awareness, coupled with proactive screening measures, can help reduce the number of late-stage diagnoses and improve survival rates for those battling this disease.
In light of the rising prevalence of mouth cancer in Wales, there is a pressing need for concerted efforts to enhance early detection initiatives and promote regular health screenings. By encouraging individuals to be vigilant about their oral health, seek medical advice upon experiencing concerning symptoms, and attend routine dental appointments, the healthcare system can make significant strides in combating mouth cancer. Public Health Wales continues to advocate for proactive healthcare practices and urges individuals to prioritise their well-being by staying informed about the risk factors associated with mouth cancer and taking proactive steps towards early diagnosis and treatment.