Health experts have raised concerns about a possible “second wave” of norovirus infections, warning that individuals could catch the highly contagious stomach bug multiple times. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has highlighted the risk of people being reinfected with norovirus this season due to changes in dominant virus strains. Despite having been infected with one type of norovirus, individuals may not be fully protected against other strains, according to the UKHSA, which monitors lab reports on the virus. The recently emerged GII.17 genotype has been the predominant strain causing cases this winter, but there has been a notable increase in the GII.4 strain, indicating a potential shift in dominance.
The UKHSA emphasized that both the GII.17 and GII.4 strains are not associated with more severe illness, but the simultaneous circulation of multiple genotypes raises concerns of increased infection risks. Amy Douglas, lead epidemiologist at the UKHSA, stated, “Norovirus levels are still exceptionally high, and with multiple genotypes spreading concurrently, individuals may find themselves being infected more than once this season.” The impact has been particularly significant in health and social care settings, such as hospitals and care homes, where the symptoms of norovirus can be severe, especially in vulnerable populations like older adults, young children, and immunocompromised individuals.
To prevent the spread of norovirus, the UKHSA advised individuals experiencing symptoms like diarrhoea and vomiting to avoid visiting hospitals, care homes, or returning to work, school, or nursery until at least 48 hours after symptoms have subsided, and to refrain from preparing food for others during this period. Despite common misconceptions, alcohol gels are ineffective against norovirus, and thorough handwashing with warm, soapy water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces are recommended to mitigate transmission risks. Recent data from NHS England reveals that hospital cases of norovirus have remained significantly high, with an average of 1,134 patients per day, nearly double the figures from the previous year.
The UKHSA’s laboratory data reflects a substantial increase in confirmed norovirus cases in the community, surpassing the five-season average and suggesting an annual incidence of around three million cases in the UK. Professor Sir Stephen Powis, national medical director of NHS England, acknowledged the strain on healthcare services and advised the public to practice stringent hand hygiene and avoid close contact with others until symptoms have resolved to curtail the spread of norovirus. As healthcare facilities continue to face immense pressure, individuals are encouraged to utilise NHS services appropriately, such as seeking advice through the 111 hotline or online platform for non-emergencies, and reserving emergency services for life-threatening situations only.
In response to the ongoing norovirus challenges, medical professionals urge vigilance in adhering to hygiene protocols and self-isolation measures to safeguard vulnerable individuals and alleviate burdens on healthcare systems. The importance of proactive preventive measures, such as hand hygiene and infection control practices, cannot be overstated in containing the spread of norovirus and reducing its impact on public health. As the situation evolves, continuous monitoring, public awareness, and collective efforts are essential to mitigate the risk of norovirus outbreaks and protect communities from the repercussions of this highly contagious virus.
The rise of norovirus cases and the potential for a “second wave” underscore the need for ongoing vigilance and adherence to preventive measures to curb transmission risks and protect vulnerable populations from severe illness. The collaborative response from health authorities, healthcare providers, and the public is crucial in mitigating the impact of norovirus outbreaks and ensuring the well-being of communities amid the prevailing challenges posed by this contagious virus.