A recent study by Chinese researchers has shed light on a new connection between type two diabetes and two common air pollutants, which are produced by car emissions and tobacco smoke. Typically, factors such as sugary snacks, processed meats, and a sedentary lifestyle are blamed for triggering type two diabetes. However, experts have now pinpointed an unexpected risk factor that is completely invisible – pollution. Specifically, the pollutants ‘styrene’ and ‘ethylbenzene’, derived from petroleum and used in manufacturing synthetic rubber and resins, have been identified as contributing to the risk of type two diabetes. Ethylbenzene is not only found in industrial uses but also in vehicle emissions, pesticides, and tobacco smoke. Styrene, on the other hand, can be inhaled from indoor air contaminated by vapours from building materials, tobacco, vehicle exhausts, and photocopiers, as stated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
Dr. Bin Wang, a lead author of the study from Huazhong University, highlighted the significance of these findings, stating, “Our research provides critical insights into how environmental pollutants like styrene and ethylbenzene exacerbate the genetic risk of type two diabetes. Understanding the dual influence of genetic and environmental factors is essential for improving public health strategies aimed at protecting high-risk groups.” The study involved examining 2,219 Chinese adults aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period. By analysing urinary data and conducting pollution-exposure tests, the experts explored the connection between these pollutants and the chronic condition. The results indicated that exposure to styrene and ethylbenzene is significantly linked to an increased risk of type two diabetes, a risk that is further exacerbated by genetic predisposition.
The authors of the study concluded that these findings provide scientific evidence for shaping preventive strategies for type two diabetes and establishing regulations concerning environmental pollution from styrene and ethylbenzene. In the UK, Diabetes UK estimates that 4.4 million people have type two diabetes, with an additional 1.2 million potentially living with the condition undiagnosed. The NHS advises individuals who suspect they may have diabetes to consult a GP promptly, as early treatment offers better outcomes. Common symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, dehydration, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, itching in the genital area, slow-healing cuts and wounds, and blurred vision.
The research underscores the importance of considering environmental factors in the development of chronic conditions like diabetes and highlights the need for targeted public health strategies to address these risks. It adds to the growing body of evidence linking pollution to adverse health outcomes, urging for greater awareness and action to minimise exposure to harmful pollutants.