The number of individuals being prescribed drugs to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the UK has witnessed a significant surge of 18% annually since the onset of the pandemic, as per research data. The rise in ADHD diagnoses can be attributed to various factors, including heightened awareness about the condition through social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram, leading more people to seek diagnosis and treatment. Experts have cautioned about the potential spread of misinformation on these platforms, which may result in misconceptions about ADHD symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
A recent study conducted by experts from Aston University and the University of Huddersfield revealed a substantial increase in ADHD prescriptions in England from 25.17 items per 1,000 population in 2019/20 to 41.55 items in 2023/24. The research analysed the prescribing data for five licensed ADHD drugs, comprising three stimulants and two non-stimulants. Methylphenidate emerged as the most prescribed medication, while lisdexamfetamine exhibited the highest growth rate at 55% annually.
The findings, published in the BMJ Mental Health journal, indicated a rising trend in ADHD prescription items across all seven regions of England, with varying annual increases ranging from 13% in the North East and Yorkshire region to 28% in the London region. The researchers stressed the importance of ADHD medicines in enhancing quality of life, improving capabilities, and curbing substance misuse, especially in the absence of alternative treatment options like psychological or behavioural therapy.
The researchers highlighted the role of increased public and professional awareness, fuelled by platforms such as TikTok and Instagram, in prompting more individuals to seek assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for ADHD. While acknowledging the positive impact of social media in raising ADHD awareness, they underscored the necessity of approaching information with caution due to varying accuracy and reliability levels across content. The team called for more stringent vetting and moderation of ADHD-related information on social media to prevent the inadvertent spread of misinformation.
The global pandemic has significantly altered daily routines, leading to increased stress levels and potential exacerbation of ADHD symptoms for many individuals. The disruption in routines, such as the shift to online or hybrid learning and work setups, may have made ADHD symptoms more conspicuous, prompting affected individuals to pursue diagnosis and treatment. Further research is warranted to determine whether the observed trends in ADHD prescriptions represent a temporary shift or a more enduring change.
It is estimated that around 5% of UK children and 3–4% of adults are affected by ADHD, with the latest research indicating a surge in ADHD diagnoses. Individuals with ADHD typically experience issues with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which may impact their ability to focus on tasks or lead to restlessness. Healthcare professionals, including Dr. Ulrich Muller-Sedgwick, emphasised the importance of timely assessment and appropriate treatment for individuals with ADHD to support their overall well-being and potential for success in various aspects of life.
Dr. Paul Keedwell, a consultant psychiatrist and neurodiversity specialist, highlighted the rise in adult ADHD diagnoses, attributing it to improved awareness, especially among women, reduced stigma, and enhanced accessibility of assessments. He also raised the possibility of overdiagnosis and underscored the importance of holistic assessments to differentiate ADHD from other mental health conditions with similar symptoms. The impact of the pandemic, including direct neurological effects and increased assessments post-lockdown, may have also influenced the surge in ADHD diagnoses. Time will tell whether this trend is transient or indicative of a lasting pattern.
In conclusion, the escalation in ADHD prescriptions underscores the growing awareness and recognition of the condition among the public and healthcare professionals. While social media platforms play a vital role in disseminating information, there is a critical need for vigilance in verifying the accuracy of content to prevent misinformation. The ongoing research and insights provided by experts aim to enhance understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD, ultimately supporting individuals affected by the condition in achieving their full potential. The evolving landscape of ADHD awareness and treatment calls for a balanced approach, combining evidence-based practices with the benefits of social media platforms in driving positive change.