The UK’s largest open cast coal mine, Ffos-y-Fran in Merthyr Tydfil, has been found to have been poorly managed, with the company failing to meet restoration promises after mining ended. The company claims it cannot afford the estimated £50m-£120m restoration cost. Concerns have been raised about water collecting at the former mine site. Calls for stronger enforcement mechanisms have been made to prevent such mistakes in future opencast mines. Residents have expressed frustration over the lack of communication and broken promises regarding site restoration. The report highlights the need for better policies, enforcement, and community involvement in mine restoration. Recommendations have been made to address similar issues in other opencast mines across Wales.